Home > Subjects > Chemistry > Level 3 > 3.4 Particles and thermochemical properties > Subject content
- Subject: Chemistry
- AS: AS90780
- Level: 3
- Credits: 5
- External
Chemistry 3.4 Describe properties of particles and thermochemical principles
Subject content
Review level 2 work on AS90308 Structure and Bonding.
Make sure your notes are up to date. In this achievement standard, the properties of particles and thermochemical principles that you may be assessed on include:
- Properties of particles:
- Review level 2 work on AS90308 Structure and Bonding. Use a periodic table as a look-up tool for information about an element.
- Electron configuration of atoms and ions of the first 36 elements (using s, p, d notation).
- Special characteristics of transition metals (variable oxidation state, colour) related to electron configuration. Transition metals will be limited to iron, vanadium, chromium, manganese, copper, and zinc.
- Periodic trends in atomic radius, ionisation energy, and electronegativity, and comparison of atomic and ionic radii.
- Use electronegativities to predict bond type and describe how differences in electronegativity lead to polar bonding.
- Lewis structures and shapes (up to six electron pairs about the central atom for molecules and polyatomic ions, including those with multiple bonds).
- Shapes could include linear, bent, trigonal pyramid, triangular planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, octahedral, square planar
- Lewis diagrams of polyatomic ions –- which must include square brackets with the ion charge
- Polarity of molecules.
- Attractive forces between atoms, ions, and molecules. These will include ionic bonds, covalent bonds and intermolecular attractions due to temporary dipoles and permanent dipoles.
The website Creative Chemistry has PowerPoint presentations about energy levels and sub-levels, ionisation energies and group numbers, electronegativity and hydrogen bonding.
- Thermochemical principles:
- Revise the thermochemical principles that you learnt at level 2 in AS90310 Chemical reactivity.
- Transfer of heat between the system and the surroundings.
- Calculations involving the use of specific heat capacity.
- Definition of terms:
cH°, fH°, rH°, vapH°, subH°,
andfusH°. - Hess’s Law including application of:
rH(=
fH((products) – fH((reactants) - Bond enthalpy calculations using average bond energies.
Thermodynamics is another name given to the chemistry concerned with changes in heat, which is one form of energy. Check out some basic nomenclature and definitions.
Check out Auckland University's site Bestchoice For Chemistry. Select Course 13, Option Thermodynamics. This is a free site, but note that there is a requirement that you login.
