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1.6 Construct and deliver an oral text

Seminar

The main purpose of a seminar is to pass on information or to instruct the audience. It requires thorough preparation of content and delivery. Use a range of different oral and visual techniques to relate to your audience and communicate your message.

Using oral, visual, and presentation techniques

Choose techniques you are comfortable using, have the resources to prepare, and are able to practice. You need to be confident each technique is the most effective way of getting your message across.

Oral language techniques

In a seminar where the purpose is to instruct, you could use the following techniques:

• imperative – a command word used to grab attention or instruct
• repetition – of keywords, sentences, or structure to help organise material for audience
• chronological linking words – 'firstly', 'secondly', 'thirdly' are like signposts guiding the audience
• formal language – sounds more convincing
• jargon or technical terms – to show expertise

Visual language

See visual techniques.

Presentation techniques

Select and use the most appropriate techniques in your seminar:

• overhead transparency – used to display or record information or static image
• PowerPoint display – used as a reference for audience and presenter throughout the seminar
• video footage – a short sample used to illustrate or demonstrate a point
• poster – diagram or map to give a visual reference
• photocopied handout – to give information or as an activity
• reference book display – visual prop and selected quotations may read
• whiteboard presentation – used to record information, outline of seminar
• flip chart – can prep in advance and refer to when appropriate
• slide show – for illustrating a sequence of events or changes over time
• props – something to feel, smell, taste, touch to add interest.

Tips for seminar presentations

• Vary the pace and focus by having different activities, questions, quizzes, and interactive material to keep your audience involved.
• Always consider how your audience will react.
• Have an alternative plan if your questions are too difficult.
• Get a friend to help you with presentation activities such as role play, and rehearse with them.
• If using the whiteboard, practise the size and style of your writing and write on board before you begin your seminar.
• Control use of props and video so they enhance your message and not distract from it.
• Don't over use fillers and tag questions such as "You know", "um", "okay?".
• Time each section of your seminar so you know how long it will take

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