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3.6 Construct and deliver an oral presentation

Oral language techniques

An effective presentation must be well written, using a variety of oral language techniques appropriate to the topic and audience. Some language techniques may include:

• rhetorical question – ask a question which doesn't need to be answered to get your audience thinking about their own opinions
• listing – of examples and words to support an idea
• repetition – of an idea or sentence structure helps to link ideas
• chronological linking words – 'firstly', 'secondly', 'thirdly' – help guide the audience to your next point
• jargon or technical terms – to show expertise
• sound devices such as alliteration – using words starting with the same letter to make it memorable
• hyperbole – an exaggeration often used to add humour
• anecdote – a brief story based on personal experiences, may add humour
• analogy – an effective comparison to illustrate a point.

For more techniques see The Language of Oratory.

Plan to use a variety of appropriate and controlled voice techniques to help make your presentation interesting. The following list shows you how and why you can vary your voice:

• pace – fast to show excitement, slow to show importance
• pitch – high to show excitement, low to show importance and authority
• intonation – the rise and fall of your voice when you speak
• inflection – when your voice goes up at the end of the sentence as if you were asking a question
• tone – feeling needs to suit the words said
• volume – loud to show excitement, soft to show fear
• pause – a planned rest in your speaking to emphasise an idea.

Tips for oral presentation

• Speak clearly and don't rush through your speech.
• Cue cards and notes should be for your reference only. Don't read from them and make sure they are in the correct order.
• Control your breathing – breathe from the stomach not the throat.

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